Centrifugal pumps are among the most common and versatile pumps used in industries like oil & gas, water treatment, and chemical processing.

But how exactly do they work? Let’s break it down!

Working Principle: Centrifugal Force at Play

A centrifugal pump uses rotational energy from an impeller to move fluid.

Here’s the step-by-step process:

1. Fluid Entry (Suction Side):

 The fluid enters the pump through the suction nozzle and reaches the center (eye) of the impeller.

2. Acceleration by the Impeller:

 The impeller, rotating at high speed, imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, causing it to spin outward due to centrifugal force.

3. Conversion to Pressure (Volute Casing):

 As the fluid moves outward into the pump casing (usually a volute or diffuser), its velocity decreases, and this kinetic energy converts into pressure energy (Bernoulli’s principle).

4. Fluid Discharge:

 The pressurized fluid is then discharged through the pump outlet, ready to be transported through the system.

Why Choose a Centrifugal Pump?

Simple design, easy to maintain

Effective for transferring large volumes of low-viscosity fluids

Widely used in water supply, chemical plants, and oil & gas